The Father of an Early King of Edom
The Identity: A Figure in Edomite Kingship
Bedad is an ancestral figure, noted in the Scriptures as the father of Hadad, who became one of the early, pre-monarchy kings (or tribal rulers) who reigned in the land of Edom, the territory settled by the descendants of Esau.
Bedad’s name and his son’s reign are recorded in a genealogical passage that provides a historical interlude, listing the kings of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel. This context emphasizes the antiquity and distinct political history of Esau’s descendants relative to Jacob’s:
“And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel. And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah. And when Bela was dead, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his stead. And when Husham was dead, Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.” (Genesis 36:31-35, KJV)
The Significance: A Father of Power
While Bedad himself is not noted for any actions, his legacy is entirely tied to the impressive accomplishments of his son, Hadad. The reference to Hadad is unusual because, unlike the other Edomite kings listed, the biblical text includes a specific military detail about his reign: Hadad “smote Midian in the field of Moab.”
This detail is crucial:
- Military Prowess: It shows that Hadad’s rule was marked by significant military power and expansion, successfully engaging and defeating the Midianites, a powerful nomadic group.
- Strategic Location: The battle took place in the field of Moab, suggesting Edom’s influence extended eastward, or that they were actively defending their borders against incursions into allied territory.
- A Ruler of Action: The mention of this conquest elevates Hadad, the son of Bedad, above the other kings in the list whose reigns are only noted by their death and succession.
The Legacy: Authority Outside the Covenant
Bedad’s sole legacy is as the father of this powerful, conquering king. His name, therefore, stands as a reminder that:
- Worldly Power is Separate from God’s Covenant: The descendants of Esau (Edom) were granted earthly power and kingship even before Israel, demonstrating that political authority and military success are exercised by God’s providence even outside of the direct covenant line of promise.
- The Power of Lineage: Like many minor biblical figures, Bedad’s life was significant because he was the necessary link that preserved a line of authority and strength that shaped the political landscape surrounding Israel for generations.