💡 The Proto-Covenant
- Promise: That the seed of the woman shall bruise the serpent’s head.
- Scripture: Genesis 3:15
- Parties: God and Mankind
This is the very first promise of salvation in the Bible. Given immediately after the Fall of man, it sets the stage for God’s entire plan of redemption. It’s the foundational prophetic word that every subsequent covenant will ultimately fulfill.
🌈 The Noahic Covenant
- Promise: God will never again destroy all flesh by a flood.
- Sign: The rainbow.
- Scripture: Genesis 9:9-17
- Parties: God and all living creatures.
This is an unconditional, universal covenant with all of creation. It’s a pledge from God that He will sustain the world in spite of human sin. This promise allows for the continuation of human history and sets the stage for God’s plan to unfold.
✨ The Abrahamic Covenant
- Promise: God will make of Abraham a great nation, and in his seed shall all families of the earth be blessed.
- Sign: Circumcision.
- Scripture: Genesis 12:1-3
- Parties: God and Abraham.
This covenant is the bedrock of Israel’s identity and the means by which God’s redemptive plan would be fulfilled. It contains three main promises: a great nation of descendants, the gift of a specific land, and a universal blessing that would come through Abraham’s “seed”—pointing directly to the Messiah.
📜 The Mosaic Covenant
- Promise: Israel shall be a peculiar treasure and a holy nation, if they obey God’s voice and keep His covenant.
- Sign: The Sabbath.
- Scripture: Exodus 19:5-6
- Parties: God and the nation of Israel.
This was a conditional covenant based on Israel’s obedience. It gave the Israelites a detailed set of laws to govern their lives and their worship. Its purpose was to reveal the holiness of God and humanity’s inability to perfectly obey, setting the stage for the need of a Savior who would fulfill the Law.
👑 The Davidic Covenant
- Promise: A descendant of David will have an eternal kingdom and throne.
- Sign: An everlasting kingdom.
- Scripture: 2 Samuel 7:12-16
- Parties: God and King David.
This covenant promised an unending, eternal dynasty. It narrowed the line of the Messiah to the family of David and established that God’s ultimate king would come from this lineage. The fulfillment of this promise is found in Jesus, who will reign on the throne of David forever.
❤️ The New Covenant
- Promise: God will put His law in their inward parts and write it in their hearts. Their sins will be remembered no more.
- Sign: The Lord’s Supper.
- Scripture: Jeremiah 31:31-34
- Parties: God and all who believe in Jesus Christ.
This is the ultimate fulfillment of all the previous covenants. Made possible through the death and resurrection of Jesus.